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Contribution of technical equipments to treatment of blood vessel diseases
Laštůvka, Jan ; Návrat, Tomáš (referee) ; Burša, Jiří (advisor)
The goal of this bachelor’s thesis is an introduction to the anatomy and pathology of vascular system and providing an overview of technical equipment used for examination and treatment of blood vessel diseases. Using two type of blood vessel implants it illustrates the process of computation during the phase of creating a concept. In the former case the influence on blood flow and healthy blood vessel behaviour when using bifurcated blood vessel prosthesis is assessed, in the latter case the projecting computation of biflex stent construction is examined.
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Analysis of pulse wave propagation in aorta
Tichoň, Dušan ; Klas, Roman (referee) ; Burša, Jiří (advisor)
The aim of this diploma thesis is to assess the applicability of pulse wave propagation monitoring in the cardiovascular system in the field of prediction and early diagnosis of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). The very first part is focused on description of heart and blood vessels with its pathological changes in presence of aneurysm. For this reason, current methods of monitoring and surgical treating of AAA were mentioned. Due to their difficult clinical use widely in the population, new methods based on pulse wave monitoring were presented. Using an analytical approach we estimated the difference in the arrival of the pulse wave at measurable locations between healthy and pathological aorta in the order of miliseconds. By experimental monitoring using photoplethysmographic sensors, we observed significant changes of pulse wave velocity with respect to the mechanical properties of the artery wall (mainly associated with age), which we tried to implement by hyperelastic material models used in computational simulations of pulse wave proagation on simplified geometries by fluid structure interaction method. These analyzes should verify applicability of FSI simulations in further development of diagnostic methods of AAA.
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Analysis of pulse wave propagation in aorta
Tichoň, Dušan ; Klas, Roman (referee) ; Burša, Jiří (advisor)
The aim of this diploma thesis is to assess the applicability of pulse wave propagation monitoring in the cardiovascular system in the field of prediction and early diagnosis of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). The very first part is focused on description of heart and blood vessels with its pathological changes in presence of aneurysm. For this reason, current methods of monitoring and surgical treating of AAA were mentioned. Due to their difficult clinical use widely in the population, new methods based on pulse wave monitoring were presented. Using an analytical approach we estimated the difference in the arrival of the pulse wave at measurable locations between healthy and pathological aorta in the order of miliseconds. By experimental monitoring using photoplethysmographic sensors, we observed significant changes of pulse wave velocity with respect to the mechanical properties of the artery wall (mainly associated with age), which we tried to implement by hyperelastic material models used in computational simulations of pulse wave proagation on simplified geometries by fluid structure interaction method. These analyzes should verify applicability of FSI simulations in further development of diagnostic methods of AAA.
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Contribution of technical equipments to treatment of blood vessel diseases
Laštůvka, Jan ; Návrat, Tomáš (referee) ; Burša, Jiří (advisor)
The goal of this bachelor’s thesis is an introduction to the anatomy and pathology of vascular system and providing an overview of technical equipment used for examination and treatment of blood vessel diseases. Using two type of blood vessel implants it illustrates the process of computation during the phase of creating a concept. In the former case the influence on blood flow and healthy blood vessel behaviour when using bifurcated blood vessel prosthesis is assessed, in the latter case the projecting computation of biflex stent construction is examined.
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Methods of Visualization for Diagnostic Aneurysmats Abdominal Aorta
SEDLÁČKOVÁ, Eva
Abstract Methods of Visualization for Diagnostic Aneurysmats Abdominal Aorta The subject of my work is to define frequency of individual methods of vizualization which are used to diagnostic aneurysmats abdominal aorta. The work contains also a research which enabled me to get a view of the role of radiographics at work. The questionnaire which should have found out the role of radiographics during CT and MR angiography, the instrumentaion of the individual working places and some technical parameters passed through at first. The obtained data were worked up two ways and the questionnaire was analysed. The second part of my work was to define the frequency of single methods of vizualization for a certain collection of patients. With the help of data, which were obtained from the system PACS in Nemocnice Na Homolce, the frequency of examinations with ultrasound, angiography, CT and MR angiography was defined. The definition of the radiation loading, which the patients from the collection during CT angiography were screened, followed. I also dealt with the estimate of the radiation loading of each patient during diagnostic angiography. Publications refering to this subject, the questionnaire, the data obtained from PACS and from the operation log of Nemocnice Na Homolce were the main sources to process the information. The method which is used the most frequently to diagnose aneurysmats abdominal aorta is CT angiography with the intravenous application of the contrast medium. Ultrasound is another significant method. It is clear from the questionnaire that responsibilities of radiographics are nearly the same at every working place. My work could be used as studying material for trainers.
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Diagnosis and endovascular therapy of cerebral aneurysm
SVAČINA, Igor
Summary Diagnosis and endovascular therapy of cerebral aneurysm The first part of this bachelor work is aimed at the key examination methods such as CT, MR, DSA etc., leading to the determination of diagnosis of subarachnoidal haemorrhage caused by brain aneurysms. It describes both etiology, pathogenesis, incidence of brain aneurysms and also anatomy and physiology of wessel wall and brain wessel supply {--} circle of Willisi. It explicates parametres of adjusting examination modalities for each individual procedure. Next part deals with the endovascular therapy of cerebral aneurysms. It is engaged in the embolization by coils. Detailed information was acquired from special medical literature and also by the observation of routine working procedures in radiology departments and interventional radiology departments in hospitals during scholarships. The target of the bachelors work is also to assess the role of radiographers in the process of determination of subarachnoidal haemorrhage (SAH), which is caused by brain aneurysms, and also during the endovascular therapy of brain aneurysms. The assumption, that radiographers are really necessary and important during examination and that they are useful members of operating team, came true. The further part is focused on the detection and comparison of levels of the patient{\crq}s radiation stress during the endovascular therapy of brain aneurysms. It compares total skiascopy times of these interventions and searches for differences in the amount of applied iodine contrastive solutions. The compared data come from two angio units, Siemens Multistar (2000) and new Siemens Axiom Artis (2006), that are used in the department of interventional radiology in Homolka hospital. The data of 26 patients necessary for calculation of the effective dose were obtained from the operating diaries of both angio units. Effective and organ doses were subsequently calculated by the software programme called Effdose. It was found that effective doses from both angio units are relatively low. The entrance surface doses and organ doses (thyroid, eye lens etc.) cannot cause any skin injuries and any deterministic effects. Radiation stress in Siemens Axiom Artis is almost half lower than in Siemens Multistar. The hypothesis that effective doses in the new angio unit Axiom will be lower proved true. Differences between total skiascopy times and amounts of applied contrastive solutions were slight. The hypothesis that total skiascopy times and amounts of applied iodine contrastive solutions in the new angio unit Axiom will be lower did not prove true.
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